Geothermal heat pumps are a relatively new technology. This technology can save homeowners some energy bill money. These ground-source heat pumps use the natural heat storage capacity of the earth or ground water to provide energy efficient heating and cooling.

Geothermal heat pumps use the relatively constant temperature of the ground or water several meters below the earth’s surface as source of heating and cooling. Geothermal heat pumps are appropriate for retrofits or in new homes, where both heating and cooling are desired. In addition to heating and cooling, geothermal heat pumps can provide domestic hot water. They can be used for virtually any size home or lot in almost any region with the existence of ground water.

A geothermal heat pump system consists of indoor heat pump equipment, a ground loop, and a flow center to connect the indoor and outdoor equipment. The heat pump equipment works like a reversible refrigerator by removing heat from one location and depositing it in another location. The ground loop, which is invisible after installation, allows the exchange of heat between the earth and the heat pump.

Geothermal heat pumps can either be open- or closed loop. Open-loop systems draw well water for use as the heat source or heat sink, and after use, return the well water to a drainage field or another well. Closed-loop or earth-coupled systems use a water and antifreeze solution, circulated in a ground loop of pipe to extract heat from the earth.

Ground loops can be installed in a vertical well or a horizontal loop. Vertical wells are usually more expensive and used where space is limited. The length of loop pipe required will vary with soil type, loop configuration, and system capacity. Loop length can range from 100 to 300 meters per ton of capacity.

Special heat pump features can include variable speed blowers and multiple-speed compressors. These features can improve comfort and efficiency in areas where heating and cooling loads are quite different. Add-on features include the capability to produce hot water.

Desuperheaters can be added to supplement the production of domestic hot water when there is a demand for space heating or cooling. These devices make use of excess heat during the cooling cycle and use some of the heat during the heating cycle to supplement hot water production. Dedicated water heaters can be added which operate whenever there is a demand for hot water.

Geothermal heating can be more efficient than electric resistance heating. These systems are also typically more efficient than gas or oil-fired heating systems. They are more energy efficient than air-source heat pumps because they draw heat from, or release heat to, the earth, which has moderate temperatures year round, rather than to the air (which is generally colder in winter and warmer in summer than the earth, resulting in less effective heat transfer).

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We need energy to do things in this world. In every aspect of our life, we find ways to harness it and use it in a constructive manner. But conventional sources are getting depleted fast, which leads to a need for renewable energy sources. There are quite a few promising sources that can be considered.

The term “alternative energy” can refer to any energy source that doesn’t burn any fuel or involve the splitting of atoms. Because of the pollution caused by our standard energy supplies, there’s a growing interest in finding good alternative energy sources. Hopefully, this doesn’t stop at wishful thinking.

Renewable energy sources, such as solar power, geothermal energy, wind power, tidal power, and hydroelectric power, are being seen as possible future replacements for conventional and less clean energy sources. Technology is still being researched and developed, to fully maximize their efficiency.

Solar Power

Among the alternative energy sources in use today, solar energy is possibly the most well known, especially in places where the sun is always shining. The Earth receives a considerably amount of solar energy on a daily basis, but only a small percentage of it is put to good use. It is used to power heating systems for homes and businesses, to run cars, and to operate space satellites. And as research advances, the future looks bright for solar energy.

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy is produced by the internal heat of the Earth, which could be used to generate steam to run a steam turbine. The turbine would then generate electricity. It could provide supplementary power even if not functioning as the primary source.

Wind Power

Wind power is one of the cleanest forms of energy production, able to generate electricity without harmful byproducts. The disadvantage is that its use greatly depends on the weather conditions in a particular area.

Hydroelectric Energy

Tidal and hydroelectric power share the same basic principles in how they generate electricity. They utilize the force of the water’s movement, and convert it into electric power. In hydroelectric plants, water is usually stored behind dams. As soon as the water has been released at a high pressure, it is used to turn the turbine blades below, which are then used to generate electricity.

As technology advances, we become increasingly more capable of harnessing the full potential of our clean and renewable energy sources. It is vital that we continue this research and development, and eventually put an end to the use of fossil fuels or other polluting elements, with their harmful effects on the environment.

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Use the natural heat storage capacity of the earth or ground water to provide energy efficient heating and cooling

Geothermal heating and cooling equipment is readily available in the marketplace and can be installed by any qualified contractor. The process is two-fold in that it involves installing the indoor unit and method of delivery, whether forced hot air or hydronic, and the outside pipe loop. Loop installation can be planned concurrently with other construction activities, so the overall construction schedule should not be affected by choice of system. Some loops will require an additional permit. Geothermal equipment can be installed with equal ease in both new construction and remodeling projects.

The initial cost of a geothermal heat pump system varies greatly according to local labor rates, lot geology and size, type of system installed, and equipment selected. So, geothermal heat pump systems are more costly to install than air source heat pumps. For either system, the cost of installed ducts should be identical. Equipment costs can be 50-100% more expensive for a geothermal heat pump system when the circulating pump, indoor tubing, and water source heat pump are considered. This 50-100% premium translates to $1,000 – $2,000 for the equipment that supplies a 3-ton system.

The ground loop is generally the most expensive component of a geothermal heat pump system and is highly dependent on local labor rates and drilling conditions. An installed ground loop stubbed out in a home can cost between $1,000 and $3,000 per installed ton. Overall, one could expect to pay between $4,000 and $11,000 more for a 3-ton GHP system than for an air source heat pump system.

Geothermal heat pumps offer high efficiency and low operating cost. According to the EPA, geothermal heat pumps can save homeowners 30 to 70 percent on heating and 20 to 50 percent on cooling costs over conventional systems. This information, as well as, reports that have been made by builders who monitor their in-place systems indicate that heating and cooling savings can range between $358 and $1,475, annually.

Geothermal heat pumps provide a high level of occupant comfort. There is a potential for utility bill savings, and many local utility companies provide incentives for investing in geothermal heat pumps.

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Geothermal Heat pumps are somewhat new to many house holders in this country. A Geothermal Heat Pump makes use of the Earth’s stored heat to provide your home heating needs. Unlike the familiar Air Source “Air to Air” heat pump the Geothermal Heat Pump is a Water Source “Water to Air” or “Water to Water” device.

What are the benefits for you?

If you are looking for the following benefits you are looking at the right system.

Lower Operating costs –

A geothermal system reduces your energy bills by as much as 30 to 50% in comparison to that for conventional heating and cooling systems.

Environmentally Friendly –

A geothermal system uses renewable and Green House Gas free ground source Heat.

Lower Maintenance costs –

All equipment and material used are either indoors or buried and therefore protected .

Long Life Span –

The general life span is about 30 years or more. The ground loops are guaranteed for at least 50 years in most cases.

Single System for Cooling and Heating –

The source of energy for both Cooling and Heating is the same. (ie.one system)

Better Indoor Comforts –

The Geothermal system does away with the uncomfortable air drafts commonly associated with traditional “Forced Air” Installations.

Provides flexibility in design –

Geothermal Systems provide you better flexibility in designs whether it’s a new or retrofit project. The system provides economical avenues for subdividing or expanding it to suit the building retrofits or extensions.

High Efficiency –

The highly efficient Heat Pumps provide over 3 times the energy that is spent to operate the geothermal system.

Low Safety Risk –

There is absolutely no risk of Carbon Monoxide poisoning or Fuel gas leaks. No fire risk either.

The Disadvantages

The major disadvantage is the relatively high cost of the equipment and material. The erection costs are too equally high if the ground heat source is not available at surface level. As a major portion of the plumbing system runs underground and therefore unintentional damages are possible over the years which may not be readily observable. The ground source water may contain high sulfur and other chemical content which may require preliminary treatment.

The ground area required too is higher than some of the other systems.

Residential Application

A residential Geothermal Heat pump system is about 300% efficient as mentioned above. In comparison a conventional high efficiency natural gas operated furnace or boiler has an efficiency of 92% or so. The operational savings of the Geothermal System is about 30% of a conventional Natural Gas Heating system and about 50 % of that cost of an electrical resistance heating system.

The installation cost for a typical small house is about the same as for any conventional system when the ground loop cost is omitted. This however will depend on the type of loop selected. It is well worth to consider a Geothermal Heat Pump for your buildings next retrofit and extension.

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utility bill last month went from $33/34 to 83. I have been unplugging everything when not using. I did nothing different from the previous month. I had the meter person come out to reread the meter
and the figures were pretty close to what it said on the bill. I pointed out the disk that spins around showing the usage(the more electricity you use the faster the disk spins) was spinning over 50% faster and I had unplugged everything except the refrigerator and tv(I couldn’t reach the outlet) The disk had been spinning 50% slower when I had everything plugged in and turned on. My brother and I can’t figure out what is going on. The meter guy said that if there was something wrong with the meter that the disk would be spinning slower not faster. I have not used anything new. My new utility bill says I have used (was 695 elec watts last statement and this statement says 808) Since I got last bill I cut back even more. I unplugged everything electrical except the refrigerator and tv. And no I am not watching more tv than last month. My refrigerator is an energy star Appliance 3 years old. The electrical portion should have come down not go up! Anyone know of what is going on?

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Using biomass as a renewable fuel source in the United Kingdom has seen a sharp increase in recent years.  Referring to materials that were recently living, biomass is often obtained from the waste products of other industries such as the wood chips supplied by forestry activities.  The European Union has set forth a plan to meet 20% of its energy needs by way of renewable fuels, and Britain is central to this initiative.

At the top of the list of clients poised to make use of biomass is the transportation industry.  The Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs estimates that the United Kingdom has the potential to supply 96 terawatt hours yearly through biomass.  This is significant because the transportation of materials within the United Kingdom and the import of goods from other countries requires about 54 terawatt hours.  An estimated surplus of 42 annual terawatt hours enables market growth amongst companies interested in promoting renewable energies.  Additionally, focus can be turned toward residential uses for biomass such as power for heating and lighting.

Furthering the movement of biomass in the United Kingdom is the conclusion by the UK Waste Strategy that landfills are one of the worst environmental solutions to waste.  Methane is an incredibly harmful greenhouse gas, and landfills are prime suppliers of these noxious fumes.  Because the Landfill Directive requires a 50% reduction in municipal waste, factories are incurring higher developmental costs in order to process waste in a healthier manner.  Combined with an ever-increasing landfill tax, the prospect of sloughing off organic waste is becoming costlier than ever.  These costs can be offset, however, if the organic waste is processed as a renewable fuel source rather than eliminating it altogether.

One potential problem in the United Kingdom tied to the proliferation of biomass as a renewable energy source is the abundance of wood chips required to properly maintain the initiatives.  The acceleration with which plants have sprouted up throughout the country has put a strain on wood chip supplies in the UK.  Where some would see a problem, others consider this a great opportunity.  Proponents of organic waste utilization maintain that instead of relying on a few giant biomass factories that require materials from all over, the UK can construct smaller plants across the country that are easily sustained from biomass materials nearby.  This affords more companies and investors the opportunity to get on board the biomass industry in the United Kingdom.

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Ocean tides, streams, waterfalls and the hydraulic cycle itself are natural examples of the raw power of water. The most collectable and obtainable way to harness waterpower is to force the water to run down hill or find a natural occurrence of this and capture it and channel it. Hydroelectricity is by definition electricity generated by the production of hydropower through use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. Since man learned to use water strategically this has been the number one source of renewable energy in the world.

Hydroelectricity as a viable option for powering your home has been brought to people?s attention in news and popular culture and appears a wise option giving the climate of our current energy crisis and the need for new green jobs in our economy.

Sundance channel’s ‘The Green’ featured an episode where the family built a downhill water canal. Users of hydroelectricity produce no waste once the hydroelectric complex is constructed. However man made dams are constructed which does alter the environmental factors for humans, animals and plant life. To make things worse for fragile fish species, hydroelectric dams are equipped with rapidly moving turbines that can be deadly to entire species. This affects not just the fish but their place in the food chain for us humans as well.

Lake Mead is a one hundred and ten mile long reservoir and a popular water sports spot where water can be release and spilled from Hoover Dam to produce more or less hydroelectricity as needed. Inventions are being made to help encourage unity between natures and man made dams such as the use of ?fish ladders? around dams built in the Columbia River which allow Salmon to ?step up? the dam to their natural spawning ground.

The majority of dams still are design and used for their original purpose of providing irrigation for farming and flood control.

Some of our most powerful natural waterways include the Columbia River on the Washington, Oregon border or Niagara Falls in New York. When the water flow or fall is harnessed whether it is naturally occurring or created from a plant such as the Hoover Dam, the water flows thru a pipe or penstock, then pushes against and turns blades in a turbine to spin a generator to produce electricity. In the United States over half of hydroelectric power is generated in Washington, Oregon and California. The Grand Coulee Dam in Washington is the nation?s largest hydroelectric facility responsible for producing 27% of hydroelectric generation. Oversees, the Rogun Dam across the Vakhsh River in southern Tajikistan is the highest dam in the world at 335 meters, although this could have been altered slightly by a flood at the dam in the mid 1990s.

There are not a ton of large sources of hydropower than this yet because to build a plant we still need the natural occurrence of a large plot of slopping land and a waterway. All the elements must be just right and it is a plus if the Dam provides flood control as well as power to the people who live around it.

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Sources of carbon based  fuels are getting  low The use  of fossil  fuels is slowly draining gobal reserves  and incinerating  them causes  a number  of problems  to the environment  – there is’nt any way to get round  both of these issues  unless we get rid of them entirely and  make use  of alternative  energy technology. There are many  alternatives  to using  fossil fuels as a form  of  power .

Solar energy is one of the best  options since that power  comes from the sun and there is a  more than enough energy to power the globe a 1000  times over. Wind  energy  too has its advantages  and can be  made  through wind turbines  that generate electrical energy as well there is marine energysuch as energy created by the waves and the tides.

There are other alternative  energy  technology options , but the 3  mentioned previously are the best ones and the only ones avaiable at the present time  that have the promise  to develop into something truly amazing.

Solar power is environmentally friendly energy technology that is being used well today. For centuries  it has been known that the sun can be used to produce energy however, in the early twentieth century carbon based  fuels were inexpensive and plentiful  and so they became very widley used . We have been using carbon based fuels too  quickly and they are running out, so we must turn to alternative energy technology .

There is strong evidence to advocate that we could power our entire  world   by harnessing  the heat from the sun  with the appropriate  technologies. Solar collectors are environmentally friendly technology that is being used by many people worldwide to heat water for showering and washing. This technology has lots of benefits – it provides hot water in times of electricity shortage, and it is a cheaper  option to electricity too.

It is a great  idea to make use of this technology now because solar collectors will prove to be more and more economical as   electricity prices increase in the future (due to the shortages of fossil fuels). On top of this, the environmental effects of using solar power is great – instead of burning fossil  fuels and causing global pollution, your power will come from the suns rays  (a resource that continually replenishes itself).

Wind energy  is another good alternative energy technology and has proved to be successful in the past. For hundreds of years  windmills were used to mill food grain and pump water, and were even used as a source of electricity in Europe around 1890 . But wind energy as been seen as a promising energy production  source in the last 10 years  and large numbers of  scientists agree that this is one of the best ways to power the globe without conventional electricity. There are wind farms scattered  throughout the globe that are making use of environmantally friendly  energy technology. The technology works like this: three blades are attached to a rotor and when the wind blows the blades spin the rotor and this allows energy to be produced – it is a rather simpleconcept but works well. The only hickup with wind power is that for the technology to work there has to be wind and some places in the world do not have suffiecient  wind. However, this technology will work extremely in places like Wales in the United Kingdom and in North Dakota here in the United States, as well as the off shore locations in many countries. 

Alternative energy technology for marine energy is still being researched and developed to the full, but there is some evidence to suggest that this technology works too. It will just take a bit more time until marine energy is in the mainstream, like that of solar power and wind power.

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The first Aluminum rolling plant was opened at Kreuzlingen, Switzerland 1910, although the techniques used were discovered in 1907 by Dr Lauber. The first use of it in the United States was for wrapping sweets, although has since been used in the North American Space program in both it’s space craft and the space suits worn by many astronauts over the years. Since then the variety of uses and applications for this engineering has been creeping ever higher.

Our preferred use of aluminum foil is insulation products, which can be used for a variety of purposes to suit the project you are working on. Some sample projects are listed:

Loft insulation, Roof insulation, Cavity insulation, radiator insulation, duct insulation, garage insulation, shed insulation, floor insulation, wine cellar insulation, foundation insulation.

We will tackle some of these projects in future articles, so check back often to check for new articles.

The advantages of using insulation foil are three fold, they save you money, they better insulate your home from temperature extremes and they allow you to keep more of the heat you generate. Energy bills for Gas, electric, coal and oil will not be getting any cheaper, peculiarly when these raw materials are becoming ever more difficult to extract. So in order to reduce your energy usage and increase your savings performance you need to better insulate you home. There are a huge number of different products out in the market place to choose from; Reflective Foil, Spray Polyurethane Foam, Fiberglass blankets, Loose fill, Natural Fibres and Polystyrene. High costs of installation and difficult in maintaining the solution are two of the more common problems with the exception of Reflective Foil.

Reflective foil is also known as Insulation Foil, Radiant Barrier Foil, Bubble Foil, Prodex, Reflectix.

What makes reflective foil so good is that here is no special installation equipment required, it doesn’t take up a lot of room, safety equipment is not essential to protect you from potentially heath threatening loose fibres or particles and an yearly visual inspection is all that is required to keep your home properly insulated. So can be done by an inexperienced DIY person cheaply and easily.  All you need is the foil, foil tape for taping over the overlapping areas and a staple or nail gun. A single afternoon is all that could be needed to lower your energy bills by a third.

To work out how much Insulation Foil you need to insulate your home, measure up the areas, include a 50mm (2 inch) overlap for each section of Foil and buy one of our great value Foil Insulation packs from Trade-Mart. Our Professional quality Insulation Foil is manufuctured in accordance to LABC, NHBC and ISO 9002 quality assurance Standards. We buy direct from the manufacturers and supply straight to you, cutting out the middle man. Saving you money, while you save more money with lower energy bills and a more pleasurable home.

 

The term geothermal literally means Earth/Ground (Geo) Heat (thermal). Geothermal, or ground source heat pumps, take advantage of the constant ground or groundwater temperatures. These heat pumps use geothermal energy to heat and/or cool your home.


A refrigerant loop with a compressor extracts heat from one side (the ground) and pumps it to the heating loop in your home. It is essentially the same process that happens in your refrigerator: heat is extracted via a compressor and refrigerant loop from the inside of your refrigerator/freezer and rejected into your house.


In the summer the geothermal heat pump reverses its cycle, if you have an air-conditioning system, and heat from the home is rejected into the ground or ground water.


What makes geothermal heat pumps such a good choice for residential heating and cooling is that they do not depend on outside air temperatures. These heat pumps will heat your home as efficiently on a windy, zero-degree winter day as on a 40-degree day. Provided of course, that your house is well insulated and tight.


Geothermal heat pumps are also a very efficient way for heating and cooling your home. They use 25-50% less energy than conventional heating and cooling systems (Source: US DOE).


Residential applications of geothermal energy systems use water-to-water or water-to-air heat pumps.


Water-to-Water Geothermal Heat Pumps


Water-to-water geothermal heat pumps are generally used for heating only. They replace the gas or oil furnace that you might currently have to heat your home and water with.


It is important to know that heat pumps work most effectively when the temperature difference between the heat source (ground) and heat sink (floor heat or radiators) is small.


Ground temperatures range anywhere from 50 to 75 degF, depending on where you live. This means that geothermal heat pumps are generally not suitable for standard hot water baseboard applications, which are designed for heating water temperatures of 180 degF. Floor heat and low-temperature radiators require water temperatures in the range of 95 to 140 degF.


Some newer heat pump models are now equipped with so-called desuperheaters that can transfer excess heat from the geothermal heat pump compressor to the domestic water heater. Your geothermal heat pump can also effectively and quickly heat water for your bathtub, shower and sinks.


Water-To-Air Geothermal Heat Pumps


These types of ground source heat pumps are generally used when you need air conditioning. The Water is the heat sink, where you reject the heat from the house. The Air is the air that is distributed through your home via ductwork.


Otherwise, these heat pumps function the same way as water-to-water heat pumps. And again, the efficiency of a geothermal heating and cooling system is far better than that of a traditional system.


Important To Know


The first step towards making a geothermal heat pump system be a reliable and efficient heating (and cooling) system for your home is to minimize the heating and cooling requirements with a well-insulated building envelope and strategically placed windows for passive solar gain.


Not only is your first cost reduced, because your system will be smaller. You will also tremendously increase the comfort of your home.


Geothermal heat pump systems are best designed and installed by professionals. It is not recommended to DIY. These systems must meet specific requirements. Especially the piping laid out in the ground, or down to the ground water table, must be designed and installed correctly to ensure that your geothermal heat pump system works as intended.

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